In the port operating environment, frequent activities of personnel and mechanical equipment result in a constant risk of collision. This not only threatens the safety of staff, but may also cause equipment damage and operational interruptions, seriously affecting the normal operation of the port. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an efficient and accurate personnel positioning and collision avoidance system.
1、 Principles and advantages of UWB technology
1. Technical principles
Ultra wideband (UWB) technology is a wireless communication technology that transmits data by sending and receiving extremely narrow pulses. It uses nanosecond or sub nanosecond non sinusoidal narrow pulses for communication, with extremely high time resolution, and can achieve very accurate ranging and positioning.
2. Technical advantages
High precision positioning: UWB technology can achieve centimeter level positioning accuracy, which can more accurately determine the location of personnel and equipment compared to other traditional positioning technologies (such as Bluetooth, Wi Fi, etc.), providing a reliable data foundation for collision warning.
Low power consumption: UWB devices have relatively low power consumption and can be powered by batteries for long periods of time, making them suitable for large-scale deployment scenarios such as ports, reducing the inconvenience caused by frequent battery replacement or charging.
Strong anti-interference ability: The port environment is complex and there are multiple sources of electromagnetic interference. UWB technology adopts special modulation methods and signal processing algorithms, which enable it to have strong anti-interference ability in complex environments, and can work stably without being affected by other wireless signals.
High real-time performance: The system can quickly update the location information of personnel and equipment in real time, detect potential collision risks in a timely manner, and issue warnings, providing timely protection for the safety of port operations.
2、 System architecture
1. Hardware composition
UWB tag: worn on port staff or installed on mechanical equipment, used to transmit UWB signals and identify their location information. The label has the characteristics of small and lightweight, waterproof and dustproof, low power consumption, etc., to adapt to the harsh working environment in ports.
UWB base stations: distributed in various areas of the port, they receive UWB signals sent by tags and transmit the data to the backend server for processing. The deployment location of base stations needs to be reasonably planned based on the actual layout and coverage requirements of the port to ensure comprehensive signal coverage and stable reception.
Server: Responsible for storing, calculating, and analyzing data transmitted from base stations, running positioning algorithms to determine the location of personnel and equipment, and judging whether there is a collision risk based on preset rules, achieving management and control of the entire system.
Warning devices: including sound and light alarms, smart bracelets, car displays, etc. When the system detects a collision risk, these devices send warning signals to relevant personnel to remind them to take evasive measures.
2. Software Platform
Location Engine: Based on UWB technology, the positioning algorithm achieves accurate calculation and real-time tracking of personnel and equipment locations. The positioning engine should have the characteristics of high efficiency, accuracy, and stability, be able to process a large amount of positioning data, and maintain good performance in complex environments.
Map management system: Build a two-dimensional or three-dimensional map of the port, displaying the location information of personnel and equipment intuitively on the map. The map management system should support functions such as editing, updating, and zooming of maps, making it convenient for users to view and manage the operation status of ports.
Data Management and Analysis System: Stores, compiles, and analyzes personnel and equipment location data collected by the system, generates relevant reports and charts, and provides data support for port management decisions. For example, it is possible to analyze the activity trajectory of personnel, the operational efficiency of equipment, etc., in order to optimize the operation process and resource allocation of the port.
Collision Warning System: Based on the location information of personnel and equipment, as well as pre-set safety rules, it can determine in real time whether there is a risk of collision and issue warning signals in a timely manner. The warning system can set different levels of warning thresholds and adopt different warning methods based on the severity of risks, such as sound, light, vibration, etc., to ensure that relevant personnel can receive and pay attention to warning information in a timely manner.
3、 Function implementation
1. Real time positioning and tracking
The system can obtain real-time and accurate location information of port personnel and mechanical equipment, and visualize it on the map. By continuously tracking location data, management personnel can keep track of personnel's work dynamics and equipment operation at any time, achieving comprehensive monitoring of port operations.
2. Collision Warning
Distance monitoring: Real time calculation of the distance between personnel and equipment. When the distance is less than the preset safety threshold, the system automatically triggers an alert. The safety threshold can be flexibly set according to different operating areas and equipment types to adapt to the complex and ever-changing operating environment of ports.
Movement trend prediction: Combining the current position, speed, and direction of movement of personnel and equipment to predict their future movement trajectory. If it is predicted that the trajectories of the two will intersect, it may lead to a collision accident. The system will issue a warning signal in advance to remind relevant personnel to take timely avoidance measures.
Regional intrusion detection: Set up electronic fences for dangerous areas in ports (such as crane operation range, vehicle driving channels, etc.). When personnel or equipment enter the area without authorization, the system immediately issues intrusion warnings to prevent accidents from occurring.
3. Historical trajectory replay
The system records the historical location information of personnel and equipment, and can replay trajectories based on time ranges. This is of great significance for accident analysis, optimization of work processes, and personnel attendance management. By replaying the trajectory, it is possible to clearly understand the process and cause of the event, providing a basis for subsequent improvement measures.
4. Personnel management
Personnel information management: Establish an information database for port staff, including basic information such as name, job number, department, contact information, and the UWB tag number they wear. Facilitate management personnel to query, edit, and manage personnel information, ensuring the accuracy and completeness of personnel information in the system.
Attendance management: Automatically generate attendance records based on personnel's location information and working hours. Management personnel can query the attendance status of personnel through the system, including arrival time, departure time, working hours, etc., to improve the efficiency and accuracy of attendance management.
Permission management: Set different operational and access permissions for personnel at different levels. For example, managers can view and manage the data of the entire system, while ordinary staff can only view their own location information and related warning prompts. Ensure system security and data confidentiality through permission management.
5. Equipment management
Equipment information management: Enter relevant information of port machinery equipment, such as equipment name, model, number, department, maintenance records, etc., and associate it with UWB tags. Facilitate management personnel to manage and maintain equipment uniformly, and timely understand the operating status and location distribution of equipment.
Equipment status monitoring: By combining the device's own sensor data (such as temperature, pressure, speed, etc.) and UWB positioning information, real-time monitoring of the device status can be achieved. When the equipment encounters abnormal situations (such as faults, overloads, etc.), the system promptly sends out alarm signals to remind maintenance personnel to handle them, avoiding safety accidents and production delays caused by equipment failures.
Equipment scheduling optimization: Reasonably schedule the operation of mechanical equipment based on its location and work tasks, and improve equipment utilization and operational efficiency. For example, when there are many tasks in a certain area, the system can automatically allocate nearby idle equipment to provide support, reducing equipment idle time and waiting time.
4、 Expected effect
1. Significantly reducing the incidence of collision accidents: Through real-time and accurate personnel positioning and collision warning functions, collision accidents between personnel and mechanical equipment are effectively avoided, ensuring the safety of port workers, reducing equipment damage and maintenance costs, and improving the safety and reliability of port operations.
2. Improving homework efficiency and management level: The system realizes real-time monitoring and management of personnel and equipment, optimizes homework processes and resource allocation, and improves equipment utilization and homework efficiency. Management personnel can timely understand the operational situation of the port through the system, make scientific and reasonable decisions, and improve the overall management level of the port.
3. Enhance emergency response capability: In the event of an emergency, the system can quickly and accurately provide location information of personnel and equipment, providing strong support for emergency rescue, shortening rescue time, and reducing accident losses.
4. Compliance with safety regulations and standards: Establishing a personnel positioning and collision avoidance system helps port enterprises meet relevant safety regulations and standards, enhance their safety production image and social responsibility, and lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of ports.
The UWB based anti-collision solution for port personnel positioning has significant advantages such as high precision, high reliability, and strong anti-interference ability. It can effectively solve the collision risk problem caused by frequent activities of port personnel and mechanical equipment, and provide strong guarantees for the safe production and efficient operation of ports.
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