In complex and dangerous firefighting and rescue sites, how to quickly and accurately determine the location of firefighters and the area where trapped personnel are is the key to improving rescue efficiency and ensuring the safety of rescue personnel. Ultra wideband (UWB) positioning technology provides an effective way to solve this problem with its advantages of high accuracy and high reliability. The following is a UWB positioning solution for fire rescue sites:
1、 Overview of the Plan
This plan aims to use UWB positioning technology to build a real-time positioning system covering the fire rescue scene, achieving precise positioning and tracking of firefighters and trapped personnel, providing accurate location information for the command center to formulate scientific and reasonable rescue strategies, while ensuring the safety of rescue personnel.
2、 System composition
UWB positioning tag
Firefighters are equipped with sturdy, durable, waterproof and fire-resistant UWB positioning tags that are compact, lightweight and easy to carry. They can be integrated into the shoulders, helmets and other parts of firefighting suits to ensure that they will not fall off or be damaged in complex environments. The tag has a low-power design to extend battery life, and is equipped with an emergency button. When firefighters encounter danger or sudden emergencies, they can trigger a distress signal with just one click, enabling the command center to respond quickly.
For trapped individuals, location tags can be equipped in various ways, such as wearing a simple UWB wristband by firefighters entering the scene during the initial rescue phase, or using drones or other devices to place location tags near the trapped individuals for easy access and activation.
UWB positioning base station
Deploy UWB positioning base stations at key locations around and inside the fire rescue site, such as building entrances, stairwells, passage intersections, and edges of fire scenes. The base station should have a sturdy casing that can withstand the impact of harsh environments such as high temperature, smoke, and water flow. At the same time, it should have strong signal transmission and reception capabilities to ensure signal coverage for positioning tags without blind spots.
The base stations are connected through wired or wireless self-organizing networks to form a stable and reliable communication network, which transmits the received positioning tag signals in real time to the data processing platform of the command center.
Command Center Data Processing Platform
The command center is equipped with high-performance servers and professional positioning data processing software, responsible for receiving, parsing, and processing data from various UWB positioning base stations, calculating the precise positions of firefighters and trapped personnel through advanced positioning algorithms, and displaying them in real-time on electronic maps.
The data processing platform has multiple functions, such as real-time monitoring of personnel location, historical trajectory query and playback, area warning (automatically issuing alerts when personnel enter dangerous areas), emergency situation alarm processing, data statistics and analysis, etc., providing comprehensive, direct and accurate decision-making basis for command personnel.
3、 Positioning principle and accuracy
UWB positioning technology is based on the principle of Time of Flight (ToF) or Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) of signals for positioning calculation. The positioning tag periodically emits ultra wideband pulse signals. After receiving the signal, the base station calculates the distance between the tag and the base station based on the transmission time of the signal, and then determines the position coordinates of the tag through triangulation or multilateral positioning methods.
In ideal open environments, the accuracy of UWB positioning systems can reach centimeter level or even higher. However, in such a complex environment as a fire rescue site, due to factors such as building obstruction, smoke interference, and signal reflection, the positioning accuracy may decrease. However, through reasonable base station layout and optimized algorithms, the positioning accuracy can still be controlled within a few meters, which can meet the accuracy requirements of fire rescue for personnel positioning and accurately indicate the floor, room, or approximate area where firefighters and trapped persons are located.
4、 Implementation steps
On site investigation and planning
After receiving the fire rescue mission, professional technicians were quickly dispatched to the scene for investigation, to understand the building structure, terrain, surrounding environment and other information of the fire scene. Based on this information, a deployment plan for UWB positioning base stations was formulated, and the number, location and installation method of base stations were determined to ensure that the signal could fully cover the rescue site.
Equipment installation and debugging
According to the planning scheme, quickly install UWB positioning base stations on site and conduct power on testing and signal calibration. At the same time, UWB positioning tags are issued and worn by firefighters to check the working status and signal strength of the tags, ensuring normal communication with the base station. During the installation and debugging process, attention should be paid to protecting the equipment from damage caused by factors such as fire, water flow, and collision, ensuring the stability and reliability of the system.
System integration and exercise
After completing the installation and debugging of the equipment, carry out the joint debugging of the entire positioning system, test the various functions of the system, including personnel positioning, trajectory tracking, emergency alarm, data transmission, etc., to ensure that the system can operate normally in complex environments. At the same time, organize fire rescue personnel to conduct simulated rescue drills, familiarize them with the use and operation process of UWB positioning system, and improve their collaborative and emergency response capabilities in actual rescue.
Formally involved in rescue operations
After sufficient joint debugging and drills, the UWB positioning system was officially put into fire rescue work. During the rescue process, the command center monitors the real-time location information of firefighters and trapped individuals, adjusts rescue strategies in a timely manner based on the on-site situation, and directs rescue personnel to quickly and accurately reach the target location to carry out rescue operations. At the same time, closely monitor the operation status of the system, promptly handle possible faults and problems, and ensure that the positioning system always operates efficiently.
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